PART A
UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
1. What is an
Embedded System?
2. What is the difference
between VLSI and embedded system?
3. What are
the three kinds of computing
engine that are utilized in embedded
systems?
4. How are an embedded microcomputer and supporting hardware elements
interconnected?
5.
What is an Instruction
cycle?
6. What is an instruction
set?
7. What does
a term real-time mean?
8. What is the difference
between hard, firm and
soft real time?
9. What is the purpose of Watchdog
timer in an embedded system?
10. Briefly
describe the major elements
of embedded
system development life
cycle?
UNIT
– 2: THE HARDWARE SIDE:
1. Describe
what is meant by the terms
(i) Bus width (ii) microprocessor (iii) microcomputer (iv) microcontroller
2.
What do
the
terms little endian and
big endian mean? Why are they important?
3.
Explain
the
terms one, two, or three –operand
instruction?
4.
What is the purpose
of the software tool called
an assembler?
5.
What is the purpose
of Flag or conditional code register?
6.
What is the function of
ALU, Stack, stack pointer
in detail?
7. What are
the four major pieces
of information that an instruction must convey? How are these done?
8. Using the
assembly language instruction write a program to solve
the following problem. (A .
B )
/ ( C – D ) multiplied by ‘E ’
UNIT
3: MEMORIES AND MEMORY
SUBSYSTEM
1.
Explain the different
cache mapping techniques with suitable diagrams.
2. Explain
the features of flash memory,
SRAM and OTP ROM.
3. Describe set associative cache mapping technique. What are
its merits and demerits?
4. Compose
a 4 K x 32 bit ROM using a required
number of 2 K x 8 bit ROMs. Show the connection diagram and draw
the memory map.
5. Write the
features of RAM and ROM
in detail?
6. Compare the following
i) SRAM and
DRAM
ii)
Direct mapped
and fully associative
cache memory designs
7. Explain
the following terms in brief.
i)
Flash Memory
ii)
NVRAM
9.
Compose
1K x 8 ROMs for
the design of a 2 K x
16 ROM.
Write a block diagram
showing the connections and the
memory map. Determine the average memory access
time, if the
cache miss ration
is 0.2, cache access requires
2 cycles and main memory
access requires 10 cycles
when the clock frequency
is 20 MHz.
10.
Write
two
differences between
i)
ROM and R/w
M
ii)
) PSRAM
and NVRAM
iii)
) SRAM and DRAM
11.
Write
block schematics to
increase the number of
bits in a memory and also to increase the number of
memory locations. Compose 2 k x 8 ROMs into 4
k x 16 ROM.
12.
Describe fully
associative cache mapping
technique. In a memory
hierarchy design consisting
of cache and main memory,
the cache miss rate is 15%, cost of memory access is 2 cycles. Determine
the average cost of access.
UNIT- 4 : EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS DESIGN AND
DEVELOPMENT
1. Why is important
to consider reliability, safety,
and product?
2. Why is product documents important?
3. What is a Product life
cycle?
4. Indentify
and briefly discuss the
steps that comprise
Waterfall life-cycle
model?
5. Indentify
and briefly discuss the
steps that comprise
V life-cycle model?
6. Indentify
and briefly discuss the
steps that comprise
Spiral life-cycle model?
7. What is Intellectual property?
8. What is the
primary purpose of the
design specification ?
9. What are the
purpose and goals of a functional design?
10. What are the
purpose and goals of an architectural design?
PART – B
UNIT- 5 & 6 : REAL-TIME KERNELS AND OPERATING SYSTEMS:
1. What is the
difference between (a)
program and process
(b) Task and a process
2. Explain what
is meant by task or process concurrency?
3. What is a lightweighted and heavyweighted thread?
4.What is an interrupt vector table?
what is the purpose?
5. What is an interrupt
mask? What is the
purpose?
6. What is a Context switching?
7. What is the
difference between a foreground and a background task?
8. What is real time operating systems?
9. What is an operating
system Kernel?
10. What kind of
embedded design are best
suited for implementation using Foreground/background model?
UNIT- 7 & 8: PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION:
1. What is meant by the performance
of an embedded application?
2. What is the
difference between an optimization and a
trade-offs?
3. What is Amdahl’s law?
4. What are the
basic steps that make up a complementary analysis?
5. In an embedded
application, what is meant by the
term (i) Response time
(ii) Throughput (iii)
Memory loading (iv) Time
loading.
6. What is a hardware accelerator? How it is differ from a
Co-processor?
7. What are some
of the effects that embedded software
can have on power usage?
8. Describe the
three major components
of response time analysis
of a preemptive schedule
in an embedded application?
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